Timeline - 1675

1675 AD

INSTITUTIONS

Greenwich Observatory Commissioned by King Charles II for navigation, first scientific institution in England.

Construction of a new St. Paul's Cathedral underway in London, Sir Christopher Wren, Late Renaissance Baroque

Pearl Mosque, Agra, India.

Collegium Pietatis founded in Germany - break from the Orthodox Lutheran as radical spiritualism

Sant’Andrea del Quirinale, a church by Giovanni Bernini, completed around 1670

St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, Sir Christopher Wren, London

St. Steven’s Walbrook, Sir Christopher Wren, London, built to replace the churches of the Great Fire, dome carried by 8 arches

St. Louis des Invalides, French Hospital Chapel

John Whipple House in Ipswich, MA

Trinity College in London by Sir Christopher Wren around 1677

Gaurini’s Cappella della Santissima Sindone built in Turin with a unique dome like no other built up to that time.


GOVERNANCE

King Phillip’s War, general Indian uprising in New England.

Scanian War. The battle of Fehrbellin between Sweden and Brandenburg. Swedes were defeated. No longer untouchable.

Strasbourg Agreement, French-German treaty that prohibited poison bullets.

Began building the Chateau de Versailles for the King of France, Louis XIV.

New Hampshire separates from Massachusetts 1679.

Act of Parliament in London ban the use of Thatch within the borough boundries.

Revolt of the Three Feudatories in China/Messinan Rebellion

Polish/Turkish Wars

Portugese/Omani Wars in East Africa

Mogul/Sikh War


COMMERCE

Jan Vermeer dies – one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age.

Late Baroque and Rococo Art Movement begins.

The Black Death kills 11,000 in Malta.

England's Charles II begins wearing long waistcoats, introducing a fashion that encourages men to wear their watches in their waistcoat pockets instead of from their necks.

Approximate first time admission was charged for a concert in London.

East wing of Le Louvre designed by a committee of architects to express the National Character of France

Sir Christopher Wren’s plan for rebuilding the city of London, 1666

King Charles II created the Lords of Trade to create stronger administrative ties between the American Colony Governments and England’s royal government.

Gemstone trade in India flourished, deals were made unspoken through signals and squeezes.

1672, King Charles II charters the Royal Africa Company which gathers and sells slaves.


TECHNOLOGY

Newton begins study of mechanics with his three laws of motion.

Boyles Law: describes the relationship between pressure and volume.

Newton premieres the reflecting telescope.

London watchmaker Thomas Tompion, 36, improves on the design of watches regulated by a balance spring.

Philosopher Gottfried W. Leibniz establishes the foundations of integral and differential calculus and the words function, variable, constant, parameter and coordinates to explain his techniques.

Astronomer Jean Picard makes the first recorded observation of barometric light - leads to the development of the electric discharge lamp.

Newton delivers his “Discourse on Light and Colour” to the Royal Society.

Boyle discovered that electric force could be transmitted through a vacuum. Observed attraction and repulsion.

Hooke’s Law: the extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied, from this the energy stored in the spring can be calculated.

French Martial Fusil Flintlock Musket dates back to 1670-1675.


1675 BC

INSTITUTIONS

Phaistos Palace, destroyed by earthquake around 1700 B.C. and immediately rebuilt – previously administrative center of area, now religious center of Crete.

Approximate death of Terah, father of Abraham.

The first burials in pits or graves were seen in Mycenae Greece.

Catholic Church dominates Greek culture.


GOVERNANCE

Death of Pharaoh Tutimaios of Egypt.

Hyksos attack the Egyptians using bronze weapons that the Egyptians lacked.

Hyksos dominate Egypt and ends the middle kingdom, they eventually adopt Egyptian culture.

Ipuwer Papyrus written.

Rise of the palace civilization on Crete.

Knossos Palace housed the king of the Minoan State, his advisors, his trade goods and several craftspeople – destroyed by fire around 1700 A.D. and rebuilt shortly after according to plans.

King Cheng Tang first ruler of the Shang Dynasty of China.

Under the rule of Giacomo Foscarini, non-catholics on Crete had to pay high taxes with no allowances.


COMMERCE

Easy access to gold and gems, Papyrus and Flax ensured Egyptian economy flourished.

Semitic-Canaanites in the Jordan Valley are trading with the Egyptians and the Minoan Crete.

Hyksos bring the formula for bronze to Egypt.

Fishing grew as an industry under the Shang Dynasty.

Porcelain developed (without the glaze) in China.


TECHNOLOGY

Spread of two-wheeled war chariot in Middle East.

Introduction of horses into the Nile Valley.

First evidence of leavened bread in Egypt.

Bronze introduced in Britain.

Canaanites invent first alphabet.

Shang Dynasty credited with first pictographic writing in china.



Resources:

http://www.answers.com/topic/1675
http://ehistory.osu.edu/
http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/battle_of_Fehrbellin.aspx
http://www.mpoweruk.com/history.htm#boyle
http://www.historycentral.com/dates/1650ad.html
http://www.greatbuildings.com/
http://www.marlboroughhistory.org.uk/
http://www.explorecrete.com/archaeology/phaistos.html
http://www.warscholar.com/Year/1675.html
http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/merchants/merchants7.htm

Roth, Leland M., Understanding Architecture: It’s Elements, History, and Meaning, Westview Press, CO, 2007
Kaplan, Leslie C., Economy and Industry in Ancient Egypt, New York 2004
Hsia, R. Po-Chia, Social Discipline in the Reformation: Central Europe 1550-1750, New York, 1992